Graveson R, 2012. (Guia Ilustrada de Yerbas Comunes en Puerto Rico). Spices], London, Tropical Prod. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12(4):478-480, Chandra V, Singh B, Singh A, 1970. Online Database. The optimum daily dosage of lemongrass, which is available as fresh or dried herb or as lemongrass oil, has not been established with any certainty. Inst. Conf. It has been introduced and cultivated in Africa, South and Central America, the West Indies, China and South-East Asia (Zuloaga et al., 2003; Clayton et al., 2016; USDA-ARS, 2016). Last but not least, the herb has a strong reputation as an insect repellent. Lemongrass is an herb that is native to Sri Lanka and South India but now grows in many countries around the world. Esquivel M, Castiñeiras L, Knüpffer H, Hammer K, 1989. Description (Biogeographica 6). The integration of medicinal plants and culinary herbs in agroforestry systems for the Caribbean:a study in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Molecules, 20(5), 7438-7453. doi: 10.3390/molecules20057438, Balboa JG, Lim-Sylianco CY, 1995. Effects of SAR of irrigation water on nutrient content and uptake in lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus). It is adapted to grow on a wide variety of soils types, but prefers well-drained soils with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. The fame of Cochin. Once at hom… Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Somia Khattak, Saeed-ur-Rehman, Shah H U, Taous Khan, Manzoor Ahmad, 2005. Apidologie, 34(5):417-427, Ambrose, D. C. P., Manickavasagan, A., Naik, R., 2016. Garden of Eden Keanae, Maui, Hawaii, USA. 26 (2), 173-180. http://www.sciencesdesaliments.com DOI:10.3166/sda.26.173-180. "Lemongrass https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lemongrass, "Lemongrass The Plants of Saint Lucia (in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean). In India, they produce wild in all regions extending from sea level to an altitude of 4200 m. Several plant species are endemic to India. Kulturpflanze. While they may not be aware of it, most Americans have already tried lemongrass in one form or another. Supercritical fluid extraction of essential oil components from lemon-scented botanicals. The essential oil of this plant has been used for hundreds of years in India, especially for treating fever. Acta Horticulturae. Cymbopogon citratus has been actively introduced in tropical and subtropical regions around the world where it is cultivated as a culinary and medicinal herb, garden ornamental and as an industrial crop to extract essential oils from its leaves (Oyen, 1999; USDA-ARS, 2016). Most of the species of lemon grass are native to South Asia, South-east Asia and Australia. Lemongrass is one of the most popular plant medicines in Brazil, where it is used to treat nervous disorders and stomach problems. Five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon:their antibacterial activity and ability to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of Listeria innocua examined by flow cytometry. The latter group, characterized as responders, experienced a 25-point drop in cholesterol after one month, and this positive trend continued over the course of the short study. It is a common ingredient in Thai cooking and can also be found in dishes from Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India. As of 2003, lemongrass is not known to interact adversely with any drug or dietary supplement. (Capim-limão - Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf: subsíios para melhoria de qualidade do cultivo, industrialização e comercialização no estado do Paraná.). Tropical Horticulture. . Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page. Gade D W, 1975. Washington, USA: Department of Systematic Biology - Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. In one test-tube investigation, published in the medical journal Microbios in 1996, researchers demonstrated that lemongrass was effective against 22 strains of bacteria and 12 types of fungi. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 27(2):1-3. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, 29(1/2):116-118, Stevens, P. F., 2016. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plant Sciences, 19(3):695-699, Singh M, 1999. Bleasel, N., B. Tate, and M. Rademaker. Fitopatologia Colombiana, 23(1/2):43-44, Chagonda LS, Makanda C, Chalchat JC, 2000. Indian Perfumer, 30(4):457-460, Pratibha G, Korwar GR, 2003. Jojoba (pronounced ho-ho-ba) oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the crushed bean of the jojoba shrub (Simmondsia chinenis ). Fertilize about every two weeks with a general purpose liquid fertilizer. Antiplasmodial activity of seven plants used in African folk medicine. The genus Cymbopogon comprises 59 species distributed across the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and Australia (Barkworth et al., 2007; Flora of China, 2016). Like other essential oils , lemongrass is also used as a fragrance enhancer in many perfumes, soaps, and detergents. Pharmacognostic studies of some diuretic medicinal plants of Pakistan. (aromatic grasses) with special reference to Indian taxa cultivation and ecology. Plants employed in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia: I. In: Chadha KL, Rajendra Guptha. Effect of growth regulators on citral content in lemongrass in different seasons. Andropogon nardus subsp. In a pinch: Kaffir lime leaves. journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plant Sciences, 19(1):24-27, Ranade GS, 2004. Indian Perfumer, 28(1):54-63, Heydorn S, Menne T, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Svedman C, White IR, Basketter DA, 2003. Citral, a key chemical found in Cymbopogon citratus, is an ingredient in a variety of foods and beverages (including alcohol). In: Plants, man and the land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Grass manual on the Web. 5 (2), 61-64. New host record for Bipolaris specifera (Bainier) Subram. Evaluation of some essential oils for the control and prevention of American foul brood disease in honey bees. Bot., 33, 185-198, Singh RS, 2000. While cholesterol levels were only slightly affected in some of the participants—cholesterol was lowered from 310 to 294 on average—other people in the study experienced a significant decrease in blood fats. Zanzibar Protectorate. Flora costaricensis. A study conducted in rodents suggests that myrcene, a chemical found in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus, may act as a site-specific pain reliever. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University Agricultural Science, 23(4):374-376, 382. Figueiredo R O de, Delachiave M E A, Ming LinChau, 2002. Effect of some medicinal plants on skin tumor promotion. When taken internally, lemongrass has been recommended for stomachaches, diarrhea, gas , bowel spasms, vomiting, fever , the flu, and headaches and other types of pain. Olatile constituents of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf grown in Zambia. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB24285, Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016. Essential oils of cultivated Cymbopogon winterianus (Jowitt) and of C. citratus (DC) (Stapf) from Zimbabwe. Press, Bertea CM, Tesio M, Agostino GD, Buffa G, Camusso W, Bossi S, Mucciarelli M, Scannerini S, Maffei M, 2003. On the status of agronomic research in Cymbopogon grasses in India with projections on future work. Continue grinding until the lemongrass is well ground and fragrant, adding 1-2 tablespoons of water if needed. While not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), lemongrass reportedly has a wide variety of therapeutic effects. 0d, Williamson EM, Okpako DT, Evans FJ, 1996. The crop grows well in both tropical and subtropical climates upto an elevation of 900 m. (above MSL). Field screening of nine plant extracts for the control of post-flowering insect pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. In vitro effect of lemongrass oil and crude extracts of some higher plants on Rhizoctonia solani. 34 (5), 417-427. Acta Horticulturae, 676:147-153, Pareek SK, Gupta R, 1985. Cymbopogon nardus var. While there are several species of lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus is the variety most of… Wossa S W, Rali T, Leach D N, 2004. London, UK: Thorsons/HarperCollins, 1994. Chlorogenic acid profile of commercial Brazilian herbal infusions. Australasian Journal of Dermatology 43 (August 2002): 211-213. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. This information does not contain all possible interactions or adverse effects. In: Fieldiana, Bot. Final Report of ICAR Cess Fund Scheme, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, Asamannoor PO, Kerala, India, Joy PP, Skaria BP, l Mathew S, Mathew G, Joseph A, Sreevidya PP, 2006. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(5):382-387; 34 ref, Cimanga K, Kambu K, Tona L, Apers S, Bruyne T, Hermans N, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ, 2002. 0s. Are mosquitoes diverted from repellent-using individuals to non-users? Stapf, in different seasons. In Heinerman's Encyclopedia of Healing Herbs & Spices, John Heinerman recommends using one cup of lemongrass tea every four hours to reduce fever. Lemongrass plant is distributed in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, South America, Australia, Europe, and North America. Lemon grass is a perennial herb. Moawad S S, 2003. The C4 biochemical pathway and the anatomy of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. N.S. Lucknow, India: Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 68, Ashrafuzzaman MH, Khan AR, Howlider AR, 1990. Once the responders stopped taking lemongrass, their cholesterol returned to previous levels. Summa Phytopathologica. Medicinal plants of Nepal - retrospects and prospects. 17 (2), 46-49. Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops. American Bee Journal. 23 (3), 377-380. Crop diversification through medicinal, aromatic and dye yielding plants for sustainability in semi-arid regions. Castor oil is a natural plant oil obtained from the seed of the castor plant. Tropical Medicine and International Health. Results of a field study in Bolivia. Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: Universidad de Puerto Rico. Cymbopogon citratus has a life-span of 4-6 years (Oyen, 1999). They conducted a clinical trial involving 22 people with high cholesterol who took 140-mg capsules of lemongrass oil daily. Medicinal plants of Nepal - retrospects and prospects. Record from Proseabase. Analysis of essential oil composition of some selected spices of Papua New Guinea. World Checklist of Poaceae. Traditional use of indigenous mosquito-repellents to protect humans against mosquitoes and other insect bites in a rural community of Cameroon. Essential oils are the fragrant oils that are present in many plants. 46 (2), 183-191. USDA-NRCS, 2016. Essential oils of cultivated Cymbopogon winterianus (Jowitt) and of C. citratus (DC) (Stapf) from Zimbabwe. Citral is a pale yellow liquid that evaporates rapidly at room temperature. Effects of medicinal plant extracts on growth of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. [Proceedings of 43rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Thailand, 1-4-February, Subject: Plants], 632-640. Chisowa E H, Hall D R, Farman D I, 1998. East African Medical Journal, 83(10):553-558, Oparaeke AM, 2006. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, CABI, Undated. Lemongrass has no known severe, serious, moderate, or mild interactions with other drugs. Fact Sheet-164: Cymbopogon citratus. For an extra flavor boost, throw in a few cloves of garlic and knob of ginger while grinding and form into a smooth paste. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. However, it is predominantly grown in cultivation (Oyen, 1999). Scientific research has also bolstered the herb's reputation as an analgesic and sedative. Indian Perfumer, 17:1-9, Duke JA, Vasquez R, 1994. Effects of the organic and mineral fertilization on lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. 48 (2), 178-194. An Introduction to the Botanical Ethnography of a Mayan Speaking People of Highland Chiapas., New York, USA: Acad. Variations of oil content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) as influenced by seasonal changes and its genetic aspects. (Catalogo de las gramineas malezas nativas e introducidas en Mexico). A stalk of freshly cut lemon grass will root in water and grow on in a sunny garden location with regular water. Calcutta, India: Naya Prokash, 633-733, Khan, 1979. Properties. Inst., 123-128, Husain A, Virmani OP, Sharma A, Kumar A, Misra LN, 1988. Logan, Utah, USA: Utah State University.http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/, Beech DF, 1990. Plant Biosystems. Colegio de Ciencias Agrícolas. Lemongrass is an aromatic tropical plant with long, slender green and white blades that can grow up to five feet tall. Cymbopogon citratus is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances, fevers and hypertension. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 20(2):407-412, Rao GN, Rao SJ, Ananthanarayanan K, Shahi SK, Patra M, Shukla AC, Dikshit A, 2005. Effect of various mulches on the physico-chemical properties of the sodic soil under aonla+guava cropping system. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 32(1):115-116; 6 ref, Mandal D, De GC, 2005. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 5(2):61-64, Leung AY, Foster S, 1996. Maryam Mirza, Rizwani G H, Zahra Yaseen, Qadri R B, Mansoor Ahmad, Shoukat Mehmood, 2005. (Cymbopogon in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil). It is an important ingredient in several products designed to keep bugs at bay. Cultural practices for soil erosion control in cassava-based cropping systems in Indonesia. Relationship between certain volatile components of lemongrass oil and its antiviral activities against bean yellow mosaic potyvirus. To alleviate gas or persistent vomiting, Heinerman recommends a dose of 3–6 drops of lemongrass oil (the Cymbopogon citratus variety). Humphrey AM, 1973. Arquivos de Ciencias da Saude da UNIPAR, 7(1):27-31, Shiva A, 1998. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Handbook of Spices. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Parts used. Tropical horticulture. 2 (2), 160-162. Chemical weed control studies in Cymbopogon winterianus citronella java type: Effect of 2, 4-D on control of weeds, herb and oil yield. Essential oil (Lemongrass oil). Assessment of efficiency of vegetative barriers as soil conservation systems on steep lands. [ed. (602) 938-4439. Lemongrass tea can be prepared by steeping 1–2 tsp of the herb (fresh or dried) in a cup of boiling water . Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies, Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution.1192 pp. Lemongrass oil has been used to demonstrate the superiority of near-infrared spectroscopy to older methods of determining the chemical content of plant oils. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Organic treatment IPM for honey bee mites. Ltd., 400-419, Soosairaj S, Britto SJ, Balaguru B, Natarajan D, Nagamurugan N, 2005. Cymbopogon species; ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and the pharmacological importance. Additional notes to the check-list of Korean cultivated plants (4). Not to be confused with lemon balm , which is an entirely different herb, lemongrass is considered by herbalists to have several useful properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and fever-reducing effects. When grown in pots use pots with ample drainage holes and filled with a prepared soil mix. Duke JA, Vasquez R, 1994. 94 (3), 329-334. Because lemongrass has been recommended for so many different purposes, and can be used internally and externally, consumers are advised to consult a doctor experienced in the use of alternative remedies to determine proper dosage. 28 (4), 336. Volume 1, Part 2. There is a significant difference between the external use of a few drops of essential oil, and the use of larger amounts of the herb in a tincture or tea. Puccinia purpurea Cooke, a causal agent of rust of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) (D.C.) Stapf. ." Bulletin of the National Research Centre Cairo, 28(3):289-299, Esquivel M, Castiñeiras L, Knüpffer H, Hammer K, 1989. Tropical horticulture. Lemongrass essential oil can also be used as a deodorant to curb perspiration. In the Green Pharmacy, prominent herbalist James Duke recommends drinking one to four cups of lemongrass tea a day to benefit from its anti-fungal properties. Response of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexousus) cultivars to spacings and NPK fertilizers under irrigated and rainfed conditions in semi- arid tropics. Compendium record. Are mosquitoes diverted from repellent-using individuals to non-users? Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 33(2):305-306, Leal TCAB, Freitas SP, Silva JF, Carvalho AJC, 2003. Pharmacognostic studies of some diuretic medicinal plants of Pakistan. The Hague, Netherlands: Junk Publ, Gilman EF, 1999. Ravindran, P. N., 2017. Hack. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 34(2):263-272; 10 ref, Mirza M, Rizwani GH, Yaseen Z, Qadri RB, Ahmad M, Mehmood S, 2005. In Guatemala, Helminthosporium cymbopogi [Cochliobolus cymbopogonis] causes a serious leaf-spot disease in Cymbopogon species resulting in significant damage. It is also known as fever grass. Vol.3. Curvularia lunata [Cochliobolus lunatus] causes another leaf disease, starting with elongated, discolored lesions that ultimately become brown with a paler border. Bulletin of the National Research Centre (Cairo). As with all essential oils, small amounts should be used, and only for a limited time. 2. Aside from folk medicine, lemongrass is a favorite ingredient in Thai cuisine and dishes that boast a tangy, Asian flavor. In rare cases, lemongrass essential oil has caused allergic reactions when applied to the skin. Stapf.] Cymbopogon citratus can be found cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics and warm subtropics, in warm and humid habitats and along roadsides. Major essential oil-bearing plants of India. Zuloaga, F. O., Morrone, O., Davidse, G., Filgueiras, T. S., Peterson, P. M., Soreng, R. J., Judziewicz, E. J., 2003. (Produção de biomassa e óleo essencial em plantas de capim cidreira [Cymbopogon citratus (Dc.) Essential oil extracts from Cymbopogon are used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and perfumery. Cambridge, UK : Woodhead Pub. Kulturpflanze 37, 211-357, Farooqi AA, Khan MM, Vasundhara M, 1999. South Indian Horticulture, 49(Special):367-369, Mishra LN, Pathak RA, Pandey AK, Pratap B, Singh SK, 2002. In: Econ. (La roya del limoncillo, una nueva enfermedad para Colombia y SurAmérica.). Filgueiras TS, 2015. Lemongrass is not known to be harmful when taken in recommended dosages, though it is important to remember that the long-term effects of taking the herb (in any amount) have not been investigated. Leafy medicinal herbs: botany, chemistry, postharvest technology and uses, CABI.xiii + 282 pp. Cymbopogon citratus rarely produces seeds, and it spreads mostly vegetatively by rhizomes and tillers (Oyen, 1999). Devendra Singh, Bijendra Singh, Anju Singh, 2002. The oil can be used in cooking too, and this is generally regarded as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lemongrass may also be referred to as ginger grass or citronella grass and likely originates from Sri Lanka or Malaysia although a wild form of the plant is not known. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 47(1/2):17-20, Wunderlin, R. P., Hansen, B. F., Franck, A. R., Essig, F. B., 2016. Experimental cultivation and production of essential oils of aromatic species in Itajai, SC. PDR for Herbal Medicines. Agropecuaria Catarinense, 19(2):47-49, Salerno AR, Rebelo AM, Silva AA Jr, 2004. Price, Shirley. Practical Aromatherapy. Recent advances in breeding and biotechnology of aromatic plants. Fresh lemongrass stalks and leaf buds can be available all year-round in the local markets. First record in Australia of Myriogenospora atramentosa on lemongrass and sugarcane. Centro Agrícola, 22(3):87-88; 3 ref, Dubey NK, Kishore N, Varma J, Lee SY, 1997. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Effect of growth regulators on citral content in lemongrass in different seasons. Plants, man and the land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. Effect of spacing and nitrogen on herbs yield of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus. Aside from folk medicine, lemongrass is a favorite ingredient in Thai cuisine and dishes that boast a tangy, Asian flavor. Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016), Debris and waste associated with human activities, http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB24285, http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/cymcita.pdf, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Cymbopogon species. ix + 497 + 18 plates. Version 13. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 39(3):225-230, Osman SM, Radwan OM, 2004. This grass has been intentionally introduced in tropical and subtropical regions of the world for its essential oil and as a culinary and medicinal herb and has the potential to escape from cultivation (Oyen, 1999; USDA-ARS, 2016). It is commonly used in the form of tea as a “homemade remedy” for cough, flu, gingivitis, digestive problems and stomachache (Avoseh et al., 2015). Williamson E M, Okpako D T, Evans F J, 1996. DOI:10.1051/apido:2003040. World Checklist of Poaceae., Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Bioagro, 14(3):123-133, Anon, 1981. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 16 Oct. 2020
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